{"id":213,"date":"2017-04-18T02:53:18","date_gmt":"2017-04-18T02:53:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sites.warnercnr.colostate.edu\/gwhite\/?page_id=213"},"modified":"2017-04-18T03:05:03","modified_gmt":"2017-04-18T03:05:03","slug":"program-mark-background","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.warnercnr.colostate.edu\/gwhite\/program-mark-background\/","title":{"rendered":"Program Mark Background"},"content":{"rendered":"

Contents<\/a> – Index<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Program Mark Background\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Biological Setting<\/u><\/span><\/p>\n

Expanding human populations and extensive habitat destruction and alteration continue to impact the world’s fauna and flora.\u00a0 In many cases, these forces are causing population declines,\u00a0 and in some cases extinction, of many species of vertebrates.\u00a0 Examples of population decline and species loss include virtually every taxonomic group.\u00a0 These scenarios are well known to biologists and ecologists throughout most of\u00a0 the world.<\/span>
\nMonitoring of biological populations has begun to receive increasing emphasis in most countries, including the less developed areas of the world (Likens 1989).\u00a0 The estimation of survival probabilities, how these vary by age, sex, time, and how survival might be correlated with external variables, represent difficult subjects.\u00a0 Estimation of immigration and emigration rates, population size and the proportion of age classes that enter the breeding population are equally important and difficult to estimate with precision for free ranging populations.\u00a0 Estimation of the finite rate of population change () and fitness (F) are still more difficult to address in a rigorous manner.<\/span>
\nRisk assessment in higher vertebrates can be done in the framework of capture-recapture theory.\u00a0 Population viability analyses must rely on estimates of vital rates of a population; often these can only be derived from the study of marked animals.\u00a0 The richness component of biodiversity can often be estimated in the context of closed model capture-recapture.\u00a0 Finally, the monitoring components of adaptive management can be rigorously addressed in terms of the analysis of data from marked subpopulations.<\/span>
\nCapture-recapture surveys have been used as a general sampling and analysis method to assess population status and trends in many vertebrate populations.\u00a0 The use of marked individuals is analogous to the use of various tracers in studies of physiology, medicine and nutrient cycling.\u00a0 Recent advances in technology allow a wide variety of marking methods (e.g., see Parker et al. 1990).\u00a0 We have been involved with capture-recapture and band recovery data sets on species ranging from waterfowl to bats and fish to cervids. Problems involving parameter estimation for threatened and endangered species are common; we have worked intensively on the northern and Mexican spotted owls, deer, elk, several species of ducks, geese and swans, ground squirrels and furbearers.\u00a0 We have worked extensively on rhinos, several furbearers, deer, elk, snowy plover, bighorn sheep, mountain goats, sage grouse, prairie chickens, salmonids, ground squirrels, razorback suckers and squawfish, hares,\u00a0 passerine birds, blackbirds, gulls, mule deer, various trout and lizards.\u00a0 Many indicator species have been studied using capture-recapture sampling, including flamingos, crayfish, voles, manatees, whales, and polar bears.\u00a0 Banding and recovery methods have been used in many of the more developed countries; these methods have many similarities with the capture-recapture surveys.\u00a0 There is a very large literature on these methods; we made no attempt to reference this large literature, except to mention Seber’s (1982) book and two subsequent review papers (Seber 1986 and 1992)<\/a>.\u00a0 These sources reference approximately 2,000 research papers on general “capture” methodology and its application.<\/span>
\nSee Statistical Theory<\/a> for details of the estimation process, and Analysis Theory<\/a> for details of capture-recapture and band recovery.\u00a0<\/span>
\n\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Contents – Index Program Mark Background\u00a0 Biological Setting Expanding human populations and extensive habitat destruction and alteration continue to impact the world’s fauna and flora.\u00a0 In many cases, these forces are causing population declines,\u00a0 and in some cases extinction, of …<\/p>\n

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